Following the administration of hydrochlorothiazide, what effect should the nurse anticipate?

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic commonly used to treat hypertension and edema. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water. As a result, the primary and anticipated effect following the administration of hydrochlorothiazide is increased urine output. This increase helps reduce fluid volume in the body, which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure.

The other options would not typically occur as a direct effect of hydrochlorothiazide. Drowsiness or lethargy is not a common response associated with thiazide diuretics. Decreased heart rate is not a direct outcome; in some cases, electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia, can lead to arrhythmias rather than a simple decrease in heart rate. Mild agitation is also not a common effect of this medication. Instead, increased urine output is a key therapeutic action expected with the use of hydrochlorothiazide, indicating the medication is working effectively.