In the context of hypertension, what does the term “essential” refer to?

The term "essential" in the context of hypertension refers to hypertension without an identifiable cause. This type of hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, accounts for the majority of hypertension cases. It is characterized by a gradual rise in blood pressure that tends to develop over many years and is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, and stress.

Distinguishing essential hypertension from secondary hypertension, which has a specific identifiable cause (such as kidney disease or hormonal disorders), is crucial in management and treatment. Essential hypertension does not stem from another medical condition, making it essential for healthcare providers to focus on lifestyle changes and management strategies to control blood pressure in affected individuals.