What effect does nicotine have on the cardiovascular system for patients with hypertension?

Nicotine has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system, particularly in patients with hypertension. By increasing heart rate and causing constriction of arterioles, nicotine leads to an elevation in blood pressure. This occurs because nicotine stimulates the release of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are hormones that increase heart rate and induce vasoconstriction. The increased heart rate means the heart is pumping faster, while the constriction of blood vessels increases resistance within the circulatory system, contributing to higher blood pressure levels.

Understanding the physiological effects of nicotine is crucial for managing hypertension, as these effects can exacerbate the condition and complicate treatment strategies. The focus on the dual action of increasing heart rate and causing arteriolar constriction highlights the importance of avoiding nicotine in patients with existing hypertension or cardiovascular concerns.