What is the primary characteristic of essential hypertension?

Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, is characterized primarily by its prevalence in the population. It accounts for approximately 95% of all cases of hypertension, making it the most common form. The cause of essential hypertension is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

This condition differs from secondary hypertension, which has a specific underlying cause related to other diseases or conditions, such as kidney disease or hormonal disorders. Unlike secondary hypertension, essential hypertension does not have a clear, identifiable source.

While dietary changes can significantly help manage and sometimes lower blood pressure in individuals with essential hypertension, the condition itself is not classified as "curable" in the traditional sense. Management through lifestyle modifications, medication, and monitoring is often necessary over the long term.

Additionally, essential hypertension can affect individuals across various age groups, not just the elderly, making the assertion that it primarily affects only older adults inaccurate. It is increasingly recognized that hypertension can develop at younger ages, influenced by factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Hence, identifying the primary characteristic of essential hypertension as its prevalence helps clarify its significance in health care.