Which of the following is a target organ damage from untreated hypertension?

The correct answer is stroke, as untreated hypertension can lead to significant damage to the blood vessels and organs throughout the body. High blood pressure puts excessive strain on the vascular system, increasing the risk of cerebrovascular accidents, commonly known as strokes. This occurs because elevated blood pressure can cause the blood vessels in the brain to either rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) or become blocked (ischemic stroke), leading to impaired brain function and potential mortality.

In contrast, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and chronic fatigue do not represent direct target organ damage caused by hypertension. While these conditions may be associated with or exacerbated by hypertension, they are not the immediate consequences of untreated high blood pressure. Instead, they are more often seen as contributing factors or comorbidities that can increase cardiovascular risk rather than direct outcomes of poorly managed hypertension.